
Your body is a machine, and like all machines, it shows wear and tear the longer it’s working. Once you reach retirement age, many of your body’s systems are no longer humming along as efficiently as they used to. Here’s what happens to your body as it ages—and what you can do to slow down Father Time.
Heart

The heart muscle beats more than 2.5 billion times throughout the
average lifetime. With all that work, the heart eventually wears down,
affecting its pumping ability. Blood vessels harden and narrow, and the walls
of the lower chambers—the ventricles—get thicker from having to pump harder.
The heart’s electrical system doesn’t work as well as it once did.
You’re at risk for: atrial fibrillation, heart failure,
coronary artery disease, stroke
Keep it young: Exercise can help keep the heart
pumping efficiently, ensure that blood vessels stay flexible and lower the
resting heart rate. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends
150 minutes per week of moderate exercise or 75 minutes per week of vigorous
exercise. Other ways to stay young? Eat healthy and don’t smoke.
Brain

As you get older, certain parts of the brain, like the hippocampus and
the prefrontal cortex, lose cells and shrink. Brain cells lose connection with
each other and have more trouble communicating. Brain arteries narrow and new
capillaries don’t form as easily. All of this results in a slowdown of
learning, memory, planning and other mental functions.
You’re at risk for: dementia—including Alzheimer’s
disease—and mild cognitive impairment
Keep it young: Creative hobbies such as knitting or
painting, social activities and computer use can help stave off mild cognitive
impairment. Exercise, too, has been shown to have protective effects on the
brain.
Lungs

As you age, the muscles that help you breathe weaken and your immune
system doesn’t work as well, making you more prone to lung infections. You
can’t exhale as much as you used to, and the exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide isn’t as efficient. This means you can’t exercise as hard as when you
were younger.
You’re at risk for: infections, including pneumonia
and influenza
Keep them young: Keep exercising and don’t smoke. If
you spend too much time lying down, mucus can collect in the lungs, putting you
at even greater risk of infections.
Digestive System

The digestive system holds up pretty well as bodies age, but it still
slows down and can cause problems like constipation. Lactase levels in the
small intestines decrease, potentially leading to lactose intolerance. The
balance of bacteria in your gut may get thrown off and you don’t absorb
nutrients as well as you used to.
You’re at risk for: acid reflux, gastric ulcers,
constipation, malabsorption of nutrients
Keep it young: Don’t smoke. Along with increasing the
risk of other major health problems, smoking relaxes a valve in your chest that
keeps stomach acid from creeping up and causing acid reflux; it may also make
you more susceptible to peptic ulcers. Women over 50 should get at least 21
grams of fiber a day to keep bowels regular; men need at least 30 grams per
day.
Bones, Muscles and Joints

Bones take a beating as people age. After about age 50, bone density decreases
and bones become weaker and more brittle. You’ll also lose muscle mass and your
joints will become stiffer.
You’re at risk for: osteoporosis, arthritis, falls,
fractures
Keep them young: Stretching can help keep joints
flexible, while resistance training can stave off both muscle and bone loss.
Get 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams per day of calcium and 600 IUs of vitamin D per
day to fight osteoporosis.

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